Microbial physiology / metabolism questions

  • Succinctly explain microbial physiology.
  • What is a cell?
  • Outline the views of the cell theory.
  • Enumerate and state the functions of any 10 parts of a cell.
  • Differentiate between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
  • What is transpeptidation reaction?
  • Succinctly describe flagellation in bacteria.
  • What is cell division?
  • Define meiosis and mitosis.
  • What is metabolism?
  • Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism.
  • Describe the differences between Gram negative bacteria and Gram positive bacteria.
  • What is fermentation?
  • Describe in details microbial metabolites.
  • What are psychrophiles?
  • Enumerate and describe microorganisms based on their oxygen requirements.
  • Using a suitable diagram, describe in detail glycolysis?
  • Briefly describe the two stages of the glycolytic pathway.
  • Diagrammatically describe the Kreb cycle and explain its significance in microbial metabolism.
  • What is the function of ATP in the cell?
  • What is oxidative phosphorylation?
  • What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
  • What is electron transport chain?
  • What is proton motive force?
  • Differentiate between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Briefly describe an endergonic reaction and an exergonic reaction.
  • Diagrammatically trace the connectivity that exists between the electron transport chain, glycolytic pathway and the TCA cycle.
  • Define an enzyme.
  • Outline and briefly explain the six classes of enzymes.
  • What are apoenzymes?
  • Define haloenzymes.
  • Enumerate the functions of cell wall in a microbial cell.
  • How does the Gram negative cell wall differ from the Gram positive cell wall?
  • What are macromolecules?
  • What is the full meaning of the acronyms NAG and NAM in relation to bacteria cell wall?
  • Define capsules and outline its functions in a bacterial cell.
  • Outline and explain briefly the different types of flagellation in bacteria.
  • Define sporulation and outline the different types of spores formed by bacteria.
  • In a tabular format, enumerate the different types of macromolecules, their monomers and functions in living systems.
  • Briefly differentiate between alkalophiles and acidophiles with examples.
  • How does mesophiles differ from neutrophiles?
  • What are thermophiles?
  • Define entropy.
  • Succinctly explain the term cryobiosis/cryptobiosis.
  • What is the active site of an enzyme?
  • What is chemiosmosis and how does it benefit the cell?
  • Define water activity.
  • Enumerate the fate of pyruvate after its production in the glycolytic pathway.
  • What are uncouplers?
  • Which stage of the electron transport chain does the enzyme, cytochrome oxidase catalyze?
  • Define phosphorylation.
  • What is photophosphorylation?
  • Why is cellular respiration a continuous process in the cell?
  • Which part of the mitochondrion is ATP generated?

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